Oh, DEER!

Prancing on a grass field pretending to be a wild animal during class time is what every learning environment should be like! Not only is it entertaining, but it's memorable.

As two deer approached the plentiful number of resources from a distance, it was easy to see that this would be the ideal environment. Unlimited resources such as food, water and shelter sounds like a magical place. However, the deer unsurprisingly mate and boost the population which will ultimately increase the competition for the resources.

 As competition gets worse and worse, some deer will die off and decompose. It is simply the survival of the fittest as exemplified by the other students. As some sprinted to the other side to get the resources, compared to those who simply walked over, they were less likely to survive. Those who could run faster had the advantage over those who did not; the faster runners were more likely to outrun the predators. These different factors and advantages would be dependent factors of density.

 However, there are simply just some factors that cannot be controlled. Fit or not, the deer will not be able to fend off a forest fire, a drought, or a floods. These density independent factors could also lead to the declination of a population in the wild.

In summary, everything must be in equilibrium. There cannot be too many deer in contrast to resources and vice versa, there cannot be too many predators and there cannot be back-to-back natural disasters. All of these different factors leads to the changes in the population and is are key factors in the extinction of any species.

Kreb's Cycle.

- discovered by Sir Hans Krebs (1900-81) in 1937

- takes place in the mitochrondial matrix
- part of cellular respiration

- is an eight-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme

- the original glucose molecule is entirely consumed at the end of the cycle

 Steps of the Kreb's Cycle:

1. acetyl group (2C) condenses with oxaloacetate (4C) and forms citrate (6C)
2. citrate (6C) is rearranged to isocitrate (6C)
3. carbon dioxide is lost, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, isocitrate becomes alpha-ketoglutarate (5C)
4. carbon dioxide is lost, coenzyme A is added, two hydrogen atoms reduce to NAD+ to NADH, and it becomes succinyl-CoA. (4C)
5. ATP is formed by substrate level phosphorylation, coenzyme A is released and succinate (4C) is formed.
6. two hydrogen atmos reduce from NAD to NADH2 and is converted into fumerate (4C)
7. fumerate to maltate (4C)
8. two hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH, and is converted into oxaloacetate (4C)

- cyclic process because the oxaloacetate is a product and soon becomes a reactant

- energy is harvested in steps 3, 4, 5, 6, 8.

- NADH and FADH2 molecules will eventually be transferred to ATP to the last stage of cellular respiration

- all six carbon atoms of glucose have been oxidized and released as metabolic waste as carbon dioxide

Our Creation!

The outcome of what was the most creative quiz I have ever 'written' was evidently very appealing and educational. For those who are visual learners, such as myself, it was a very good learning trick.